The Interrogation Process, Techniques, and Approches Essay

The Interrogation Process, Techniques, and Approches - Essay Example (Williamson p.125). However, although the theory that innocence claims precedence over guilt in criminal law, it is necessary to enforce robust techniques to bring criminals into the process of law, and arrest future repetitions of similar crimes by the same person, especially against women . Thus interrogations are not only necessary to convict the guilty but also to absolve the innocent through right application of the interrogation processes and methods. Since interrogations are guilt-based processes, it is mainly intended to extract a confessional statement from the alleged suspect, who may be held responsible for the commission, or involvement in some crime, or tort. Since interrogations are meant for extracting confessional statements from suspects, normally, this process is not applied on innocent people, or those whose role or involvement in the commission or abetment of crime is not sustainable. Interrogations are primarily meant to disintegrate a suspect’s defenses and make him vulnerable to the process of law by signing a confessional statement acknowledging his role in carrying out, or abetting the crime. The most widely modern means of interrogation is called the Reid Technique of investigative questioning. â€Å"The courts in the United States have recognized The Reid Technique ® as the leading interview and interrogation approach used today in both the law enforcement and business communities. In 1994 the United States Supreme Court referenced our textbook, Criminal Interrogation and Confessions, in making their decision in the case Stansbury v. California.† (Company Information: Court Recognition). Interrogation techniques are methods employed by interrogators and law enforcement agencies to arrive at the truth of alleged roles of suspects in criminal activities. It is common knowledge that alleged offenders would not, on their own volition, confess to crimes

Thomas Jefferson Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Thomas Jefferson - Term Paper Example This essay stresses that Jefferson was elected the Governor of Virginia when he was 36 years old in 1779. He was re-elected the next year as the term was for one year by then. He shifted the state capital to Richmond from Williamsburg. Jefferson term as a governor saw the introduction of public education, religious freedom, and fairer inheritance laws. As the Revolutionary war in opposition to Great Britain continued, he was serving as a wartime governor. After the Revolutionary War victory and the peace treaty with Great Britain in the year 1783, Congress of federation was formed by United States. Jefferson was the appointed Virginia delegate. He was among the team that was created so as to set rates for foreign exchange. He was the one who recommended that American currency to be based on a system of decimals; his plan was legalized. This paper makes a conclusion that Jefferson remains a significant figure in US history in as far a politics and democracy is concerned. His contribution towards modern United States and its socio-economic and political progress cannot be forgotten. Besides, United States has sustained its economic and political power throughout the world due to a strong and effective constitution which is attributed to efforts of such iconic personality like Thomas Jeffersion.The federal system has worked to maintain unity and progressive development and this explains the height of Jefferson’s efforts to model a prosperous United States.

Indias Handicraft Industry: Overview and Analysis

Indias Handicraft Industry: Overview and Analysis The industry chosen is the handicraft industry and the reasons for selecting the same are as follow: Indias art and craftsmanship is considered to be the best in the world. Abundant skilled labour in the industry (approximately 41 lakhs).   Raw materials for most arts and crafts are available locally. Possess a variety of crafts ranging from art metal ware to bamboo and jute products. Wave of oriental fashion Huge potential with large retail chains Tourism being seen as a vehicle of growth Owing to lack of or inadequate data and information on world production and import of handicrafts, it is difficult to make an exact assessment of the size of the global market for handicrafts. Handicrafts accounting for the world imports consist of both genuine handmade handicrafts and similar machine made substitutes. The handicrafts sector is dominated by the imports of works of art, carpets and wood wares followed by basket wares, embroidery and the base metal decorative articles. The Handicrafts sector is one of the star performers among the thrust products identified by the Government of India for export promotion and growth. As a result, exemption is given on sales tax and incentives are given on power connection etc. The business is to be located in Rajasthan. Business Opportunities in Rajasthan Rajasthan is the most preferred State for investments in certain sectors. Easy availability of raw resources and skilled labour, makes it the natural choice for handicraft based industries. Tourism is a thriving and vibrant industry in Rajasthan. The State attracts one third of the tourists coming into India. The flourishing tourism industry helps the development of handicraft industry simultaneously because of the variety and quality of products and the demand in the international and domestic market. This location has been selected due to the following reasons: Availability of raw materials and skilled labor in Rajasthan Land is cheap Water not required for manufacturing process. Abu road is an industrial area and is located close to Mount Abu which is a famous tourist destination Heavy influx of tourists every year at Mount Abu Has a lake called Nakki Lake which can fulfill the minimal water  requirements Elements of the marketing strategy The target market: The company plans to reach the middle class and the upper middle class of the society. Market segmentation: After identifying the target market the company will be manufacturing and developing products that appeal to that section of market. Mass production: The company will have a single marketing plan to mass-produce the products at the plant located in Rajasthan. The four Ps of marketing mix includes product, price, promotion and place. The following shows how the company is planning to use the marketing mix to promote and sell the products. a. Product mix Variety: There will be a lot of variety in the products in terms of design, colour etc. There will be items like bracelets, anklets, necklaces, rings etc. from which anything can be selected by the customer according to his or her choice or need. Quality: The quality of the products will be superior and of international standards as the company will also be exporting them. Design: There will be a variety of designs in each category of jewellery. Sizes: The products will be available in different sizes and shapes as per the specification of the clients and also according to the demand. Features: Guaranteed and unbreakable beads and stones of different colours, different sizes and shapes for all occasions and for all age groups will be one of the companys USPs. Brand name: The brand name of our company is Fine Jewels collection Packaging: The jewellery will be given in small velvet pouches with the brand name on it. This will be given in case of rings, bracelets etc. In case of necklaces and in case of big items, velvet boxes will be given. Services: Services like after sales services will be provided to the clients and if there is any defect or fault in the product it would be repaired or replaced free of cost. b. Price mix List price: The prices of are products will be given on the list .i.e. is when they are sold directly to the retail outlet they are priced according to the list price. Discounts: Special cash discounts will be given to our clients and also discounts for bulk purchases to retailers. Payments: Cheque, credit cards as well as cash payment will be the accepted modes of payment. Credit cards will be useful in case of international transactions. Credit terms: Credit facility of 15 days will be given on purchases only to our retailers. c. Promotion mix Advertising: Product advertisements will be given in local newspapers, distribution of pamphlets and through word-of-mouth awareness. Advertisements will also be given on radio but after one or two years. Sales focus: Sales focus will be on all age groups and towards the middle class and the upper middle class of the society. Direct market: Some of the products will directly be sold to the market. Our main outlets will be in Mumbai and Rajasthan. d. Place mix Channels: The different channels which will be used by the company are retail outlets and through different distributors and also by export. The products will also be displayed in exhibitions. Coverage: The coverage area would be mainly exporting outside India to different countries, as well as Mumbai and Rajasthan. Location: The location will be two outlets in Mumbai, one outlet in Rajasthan. And others will be exported to different countries. Handicrafts are exported to more than 100 countries. There is a great gap between demand and supply in countries like USA, Singapore and Malaysia. Hence, there is always a need for new entrants to fill this gap. The reasons for the outlet at Mumbai are as follows: Mumbai is the fashion capital of India. The target market for our product is the upper middle class and middle class. Products are designed keeping the target customer in mind. Mumbai has the highest number of shoppers in India Competitor Analysis Competition is generally from developing nations like Indonesia and China. The major competition is from Far Eastern countries. In such countries, competitors generally resort to mass producing goods in order to cut costs. Countries like China also resort to dumping of cheap goods into economies. This leads to serious losses for Indian small scale industries are such cheap mass-market goods eat into the still dormant domestic market of handicrafts in India. There are also issues like use of child labour in India and strict labour laws abroad which might restrict exports to some countries. However, Fine Jewels will ensure theses things are considered before going into production. Organisation Structure The business as mentioned earlier will have six partners. The structure will be a flat one. They will be equal partners who will bring in the capital necessary for the starting of business. The financial projections are already given above regarding the use of the initial capital. The partners will look and run the business in equal measure. Financial Projections Amount of Capital Required The initial investment of the firm is proposed to be Rs. 22 lacs. The company being involved in the handicraft products has no investment to make in plant and machinery.   Generation of Capital The required capital is being partly brought in by six partners and partly being arranged from the bank. The partners contribution is Rs 2,00,000 each that is in all RS. 12,00,000 are brought by the partners. The remaining 10,00,000 is taken from the bank as Working Capital loan. Utilization of Capital The capital will be utilized in the following ways: Investment in Land Building admeasuring 1200 Sq ft (3040) is Rs 11,00,000/- Investment in Furniture Fixture Rs 2,00,000/- Tools Equipments Rs 5,000/- Working Capital Rs 8,95,000/- Finance Charges Interest will be paid at the rate of 10% p.a., to the bank, i.e. 1,00,000 p.a., as finance charges. No interest is given to the partners for their capital investment in the Company. Since we produce 1660 units per month we can achieve Break Even Point in 8.33 month (1660 x 8.33 = 13831 units). This is because by that time we will have reached the necessary target of production for the break even Key Workers: Affordable Housing Challenges Key Workers: Affordable Housing Challenges Abstract Affordable housing in London is an issue which affects many individuals and the problem of affordable housing in London is particularly of concern to poorer sectors within London and those in low paid employment (Greater London Authority (2005) 1) (Pacione, M. (1997) 8) and (Greater London Authority (2006) 1). This is a situation which remains unchanged by the fact that there are schemes in place which purport to ameliorate the problems relating to affordable housing experienced by many people living and working in London (Rugg, R. (1999) 19-20). Schemes such as the Key Worker Living scheme which is administered through the offices of the Deputy Prime Minister, the Teachers Housing Association Scheme and London Strategic Housing have been targeted specifically at key workers who experience housing needs in London. However, although the government have made many housing provisions for London based key workers, the problem remains that these provisions arguably do not extend far enough . Specifically, it may be argued that the definition of what a key worker is is perhaps too narrow. It may also be argued that those who fall outside the definition of key worker, but nevertheless experience housing problems are being let down by the government, principally because many of them simply do not qualify for the schemes which have been mentioned above. These arguments will be put forward and evaluated in this paper. The paper will also consider the definition of what a key worker is and how it may not be an adequate definition, given that it is arguably not wide enough. The discussion on the definition of what a key worker is will lead the writer into a wider discussion of whether there is any real need to continue to have a ‘key worker requirement’ to trigger the assistance which is available to those in need of housing support within London. The paper will therefore consider wider economic, sociological and political factors in the analysis of what the gov ernment is doing to help those people who do not qualify as key workers but still cannot afford to live in London and will employ a qualitative, evaluative methodology in doing so. What is the definition of a Key Worker? It is useful to define what is meant by a key worker as this will indirectly provide an indication of the categories of people who fall outside the definition, and assist the writer in determining what the government is doing to help those people who do not qualify as key workers but still cannot afford to live in London. A key worker is a difficult concept to define, since different schemes and housing provisions have differing interpretations of what a key worker may be. Therefore, what may be a key worker within one sphere of housing provision may not be considered a key worker within another. In light of this therefore, how may one go about defining what a key worker actually is? To define the concept of a key worker requires an analysis of all the schemes open to key workers and an analysis of exactly who is eligible for the schemes and why. An extrapolation of this analysis will provide clues as to the best way to approach the problem of defining what a key worker is. Therefore the best way to approach defining what a key worker is, is to identify tenets which are present within all the various interpretations of what a key worker actually is. It is arguable that there are three main tenets which one may identify as being ‘central’ to the concept of what a key worker is. These are as follows: that the worker is employed by the public sector; that the worker is in a frontline position performing a crucial public service and that the worker is in a sector where it is difficult to recruit and retain workers (Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) 1). Who is included within the definition? The people to whom the status of key worker is attributed to therefore must firstly be employed in the public sector dispensing essential services in a sector where there are problems with recruiting staff and retaining their services. Categorises of people who fulfil this criteria are: clinical staff employed by the NHS, for example nurses (doctors and dentists are excluded); teachers working in maintained primary and secondary educational institutions; police officers, community support officers and prison staff; uniformed staff in the fire and rescue services; probation officers and local authority employed staff (for example educational psychologists) (Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) 1). Perhaps it is also wise to comment on which workers may not fall within the definition. These sectors may include cleaning staff and support staff within teaching institutions and within other professions. Why assistance is particularly tied to the Key Worker Sector; and What is being done to assist those who are not Key Workers? The rationale behind tying housing assistance to key workers is built upon much common sense. It is sensible to ensure that workers who provide key services are encouraged to stay within key occupations that provide useful services to the general public. Perhaps the need for such a rationale can be brought more sharply into focus by considering what may occur if essential workers were ‘priced out of the market’. A scenario like this will deplete the services which are available to the entire population within a given area and would perhaps impact hospitals and schools in particular. It is plain to see therefore why housing assistance in terms of affordable housing is targeted at these sectors which may be described as containing key workers. However, there is also an argument to be made that these provisions are not enough, and that they fail to acknowledge the wider issue which is that affordable housing affects many individuals who fall outside the definition of a key worker (http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr//2/hi/programmes/moneybox/3572353.stm >>). The reality is that the problem of affordable housing is a pervasive one, and that most low income people living in London are affected by the problem of affordable housing. However, as we have seen explained above, the definition of key worker is quite a narrow construction. Therefore professions such as cleaners and some categories of support staff typically have low incomes but do not meet the criteria which are prescribed to give them key worker housing assistance. The services which these groups provide are indeed essential; they help to support the day to day running of essential services and are therefore crucial to the lives of all of those living in London. It seems logical therefore that such individuals should be given the same levels of support that key workers are given when it comes to the issue of affordable housing. As we have seen explained above, the reality is very different, and critics of the fact that just key workers qualify for many schemes to provide housing support point to the actual need experienced by the individuals involved; not just to the wider usefulness that housing support schemes may afford the general public (which is the justification for the linkage between some housing support and just key workers). However, is it the case whereby the government simply ignore the needs of those who do not qualify for housing assistance as they are not key workers? Clearly this is not the case. The government operate housing associations and special needs facilities for those individuals who have needs due to disability or poverty. Those who are on low incomes may qualify for the new tax credits schemes and indeed for rates relief or housing benefit to help lessen the effects of the affordable housing problem. In terms of specific housing provision, non key workers may take advantage of some Social Registered Landlord Schemes[1] which include Home Exchange and Right to Acquire Schemes. Other schemes include the Seaside and Country Homes initiative which involves the allocation of homes to those considered deserving (not necessarily key workers); the Homefinder Direct scheme which is similar to the Seaside and Country Homes scheme and the LAWN project which makes homes available to ethnic minoriti es (www.cityoflondon.gov.uk). These schemes are intended to assist all those in need of housing assistance and not always just key workers. Also, on a macro and political level the government have attempted to make better use of the space which is available to build affordable housing within London. This has involved the conversions of abandoned commercial sites for use as housing sites (Greater London Authority (2005) Section 5.4). This is intended to ensure that available space within London is used sensibly to help lessen the effects of shortages in housing building sites. Clearly this will be of long term assistance to both key workers and non key workers. On a macro level another example of the government’s efforts in this area is their current emphasis on building ‘sustainable urban environments’, an emphasis which is of benefit to all of those affected by the affordable housing problem, not just those considered to be key workers. The government has also conducted many research initiatives into identifying the root causes of affordable housing problems and aiming to eliminate them. Although these initiatives only address the needs of those affected by the affordable housing problem in an indirect sense, it is clear that the government’s efforts on a macro scale (Karn, V. and Wolman, H. (1992) Ch 1) are intended to help those key workers and those non key workers who are all affected by the affordable housing problem. The problem remains however, that non key workers simply do not get the levels of support that key workers may qualify for, in spite of the fact that perhaps both sectors are equally deserving. Therefore, would the problem of affordable housing be more fairly approached by simply abolishing the requirement for workers to qualify as key workers in order to qualify for housing support within London? Another approach would be to make it easier to fall within the definition of what a key worker is. The answer to these two suggestions is that perhaps there is an argument for this to be the case, but it must be counterbalanced against the fact that resources within this area are limited. It is inevitable that there will be a deserving case to be made for many third parties who do not fall within the current definition of what a key worker is and of course, it is the case that it is desirable for all of those who are in need to receive housing support. As we have seen explained above however, there is a cogent rationale for why support is targeted at the key worker sector in particular. Key workers provide valuable services to the entire community and to neglect them would be detrimental to the levels of available services which all those resident in London often depend upon. The reality is that limited resources have to be dissipated in ways that are prescriptive and designed to exclude some categories of people. This exclusion does not point to an idea that the excluded person is undeserving; instead it points to the fact that there are limited resources which have to be expended in a frugal manner. Bibliography Articles and Reports Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) Key Worker Eligibility. Publisher: Wandsworth Council. Place of Publication: UK. Greater London Authority (2005) Housing in London: the London Housing Strategy Evidence Base 2005. Publisher: Greater London Authority. Place of Publication: London. Greater London Authority. (2006) London Futures. Publisher: Greater London Authority. Place of Publication: London. Books Karn, V. and Wolman, H. (1992) Comparing Housing Systems: Housing Performance and Housing Policy in the United States and Britain. Publisher: Oxford University. Place of Publication: Oxford. Pacione, M. (1997) Britains Cities: Geographies of Division in Urban Britain. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Rugg, R. (1999) Young People, Housing and Social Policy. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Websites http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-/2/hi/programmes/moneybox/3572353.stm http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/our_services/residents_housing/housing_services/housing_advice_options/council_tenant/ct_fresh_start.htm 1 Footnotes [1] Also known as SRL schemes.

The Significance of Brown v. Board of Education Essay -- Case Review

In 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States was confronted with the controversial Brown v. Board of Education case that challenged segregation in public education. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme Court case because it called into question the morality and legality of racial segregation in public schools, a long-standing tradition in the Jim Crow South, and threatened to have monumental and everlasting implications for blacks and whites in America. The Brown v. Board of Education case is often noted for initiating racial integration and launching the civil rights movement. In 1951, Oliver L. Brown, his wife Darlene, and eleven other African American parents filed a class-action lawsuit against the Board of Education of Topeka, and sued them for denying their colored children the right to attend segregated white schools. They sought to change the policy of racial segregation in their school district. The plaintiffs collaborated with the leadership of the local To peka NAACP to overturn segregation in public schools. In the fall of 1951, the parents tried to enroll their children into the neighborhood schools, but they were denied enrollment in the white schools and told to attend segregated black schools. The District Court noted that segregation in public education had a harmful effect on black children, but denied the need to desegregate schools because â€Å"the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors† in Topeka, Kansas were all equal. The District Court confirmed the precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson by the Supreme Court in 1896 and upheld state laws permitting, or requiring, segregation in public education. The battle for civil rights has deep roots in American history, and African America... ...eclaration of Human Rights† in Major Problems in American History: Volume II: Since 1865, 3rd ed. Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde. (Boston, Wadsworth, 2012), 363-365. 4. U.S. Supreme Court, Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483-496. (1954) in Major Problems in American History: Volume II: Since 1865, 3rd ed. Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde. (Boston, Wadsworth, 2012), 365-366. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Martin Luther King Jr., speech given to Holt Street Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama, December 5, 1955, in Major Problems in American History: Volume II: Since 1865, 3rd ed. Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde. (Boston, Wadsworth, 2012), 366-367. Hoffman, Elizabeth Cobbs, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde. Major Problems in American History: Volume II: Since 1865. 3rd ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012.

Daimler Ag and Mercedes Benz

Question 1: Identify the global marketing environmental in this case. Show with references to Daimler’s product markets, how it might monitor and meet these environmental challenges in next three years. Mercedes Benz is a German based manufacturer of luxury cars, trucks an coaches and it also world’s oldest automobile company. There are 13 major automobile players in the European automobile industry and outside European giants are Toyota & Nissan. Mercedes Benz has a manufacturing plant in South Africa where they manufactured one third of all passenger cars in EU.They produce 18. 6 million passenger cars, trucks and buses per annum. Motor manufacturing in EU is a source of worker mobility, social and cultural activity. More than 12 million families depend on automobile employment and 10 million being employed in related sectors like electrics, panel, tyres etc. Mercedes Benz production is now on global basis. Traditionally they operated in the luxury car market segment now they move on to the bigger range of passenger cars. Daimler’s product range includes Mercedes Benz cars(A,B,C,G,GL,CLS E,ML, S,SL,SLK,SLR models, Maybach and Smart.They have also commercial vehicles, trucks, buses and components. Daimler sold 467,000 heavy, medium and light trucks in 2007. They have also Daimler Financial services. Mercedes Benz active in three forms of motor sport like Formula one, Formula three, and DTM. At 2007 in Frankfurt motor show they showed seven hybrid models including the F700 concept car which combined hybrid drive with innovative Diesotto engine. Daimler is committed to enhancing the quality of life and the environment and societies. Compliance with environmental legislation and regulations is a matter of course for Daimler.To ensure sustainable development, the Group is also committed to the active and ongoing development of environmental protection, both in production and in the products themselves, in order to further reduce the burden on the environment. They need to address environmental challenge of the future. For monitoring and meeting these environmental challenges they need to commit to the active and ongoing development of environmental protection, both in production and in the products themselves, in order to further reduce the burden on the environment.They also strive to develop products which are highly responsible to the environment in their respective market segments. They would plan all stages of manufacturing to provide optimal environmental protection. Q 2: a) Describe the basis on which Daimler segments its current markets and suggest alternative bases. b) Conduct a new market opportunity analysis for Daimler’s range of products over the next three years Daimler Product range include Mercedes Benz (A,B,C,G,GL,SLK,CLS E,ML,R,S,SL,SLR). They also have maybach and smart. Traditionally they has operated in the luxury car market segment.Daimler Chrysler had launched their new super luxury car, the Maybach to much excitement for those that can afford such luxury. The Maybach is the newest addition to the Daimler Chrysler range of car marques, which includes the venerable Mercedes Benz brand. In May 2002, the Maybach went on sale in Europe with two models the Maybach 57 and 62 launched. The Maybach is Daimler Chrysler’s attempt to move into the realm of super luxury car market niche. For super-luxury comes at a hefty price. According to current estimates, worldwide demand for automobiles is likely to grow this year by approximately 2 to 4%.This growth should be primarily driven by the ongoing expansion of the Chinese market and a moderate increase in demand in the United States. No impetus is to be expected from the Western European market, however. Demand in Japan will probably decrease significantly, with a perceptible negative impact on the growth of the world market. Question 3: With reference to the information available in the case and your observations, identify the social and ethical issues which are impacting on Daimler’s global market operations currently and in the future. How should the company respond to these issues?Social issues refer to the matters that can be explained only by factors outside an individual's control and immediate social environment which affect many individuals in a society. Common  social issues  include poverty, violence, justice, human rights (suppression of), equality (or discrimination), and crime, and usually revolve around conflicting viewpoints and tensions between people who take different stances. Ethical issues refers to a  problem  or situation that  requires  a  person  or  organization  to choose between alternatives that must be evaluated as right (ethical) or wrong (unethical).For example, if you are faced with an applicant who is a close friend or family member. If you consider yourself an â€Å"equal opportunity employer,† then your ethical obligation is to consi der her qualifications against other potential candidates, rather than practice favoritism. In the late 1930’s and in 1955 after a spectator was killed, Mercedes-Benz withdrew itself from motorsport completely. Until the 1980’s, Mercedes-Benz did not return to the world of motorsport. For a certain period of time there out of action due to the social distress they caused.Now the company should maintain high security and hire extremely talented professional race drivers to avoid this kind of social distress again. Increased demand is coming from China and India, which is a good sign for the industry. But there are some problems. Like, China did not fully implement the WTO commitments across a wide range of areas, causing real concern. China is also creating non-tariff barriers. On top of such restrictions, the eco lobby is busy targeting countries like China and India to cut their carbon dioxide emissions and pollution. In all markets, the anti globalization lobby is om nipresent.

Freedom of the Press

Freedom of the Press – liberty to print or to otherwise disseminate information, as in print, by broadcasting, or through electronic media, without prior restraints such as licensing requirements or content review and without subsequent punishment for what is said. Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through mediums including various electronic media and published materials. While such freedom mostly implies the absence of interference from an overreaching state, its preservation may be sought through constitutional or other legal protections.With respect to governmental information, any government may distinguish which materials are public or protected from disclosure to the public based on classification of information as sensitive, classified or secret and being otherwise protected from disclosure due to relevance of the information to protecting the national interest. Many governments are also subject to sunshine laws or freedom of information legislation that are used to define the ambit of national interest. Freedom of the press, which has been limited not only by governments but at times by churches, is bsolute in no country.In modern democracies it is rarely attacked by overt forms of censorship but is often compromised by governments' ability to withhold information, by self-censorship in reaction to various pressures, by selective government â€Å"leaking† of information or disinformation, and by other factors. In the United States, freedom of the press and the broader freedom of speech are protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution and are considered fundamental rights of the people. In practice, though, some kinds of speech and publication (e. g. bscenity or violations of copyright) are considered outside the amendment's purview, and others, like commercial speech (advertising or product claims), receive a reduced level of protection. In addition, broadcasters are subjec t to government licensing requirements. The protections to be afforded users of on-line computer services, the Internet, and other new means of publication are the focus of a developing debate; in 1996 a federal district court panel struck down the new Communications Decency Act, holding that Internet communications were entitled to he same degree of protection as printed communications.History Historically, restriction of the press has occurred in two ways. The first may be either censorship or mandatory licensing by the government in advance of publication; the second is punishment for printed material, especially that considered by the government to be seditious libel. Censorship of the press began not long after the invention of the printing press. Pope Alexander VI issued (1501) a notice requiring printers to submit copy to church authorities before publication, in order to prevent heresy.Penalties for bypassing the censors included fines and excommunication. Key Principles -Pu blishing was liberalized, with the law requiring only that publishers present their names to the authorities and deposit two copies of every work. -The authorities were ene the power to suppress newspapers. -This nad previously enabled prosecutions of critics of the government, monarchy and church, or of those who argued for controversial ideas on property rights. The scope of libel was severely reduced, with the criteria for defamation being much more tightly defined -A limited umber of â€Å"press offences† was retained, including outraging public morals, and insulting high-ranking public officials including the President of the Republic, heads of foreign states and ambassadors. Scope -It applies to statements made publicly, whether through oral or printed means. -In recent years, French courts have repeatedly ruled that the law also applies to defamatory content communicated via the World Wide Web.Defenses -Truth of the defamatory statement is available as a defense in mos t libel cases other than those concerning the privacy of the plaintiff. Where privacy is infringed, truth is not an absolute defense, though some latitude is permitted if the plaintiff is a public figure. – A plea of good faith is permitted by the courts in circumstances where the issues at stake concern matters of public interest. A defendant may be acquitted on that basis if the court is satisfied that the defendant has carried out at least a basic verification of the source of the information on which the defamatory statement is based.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes reedom to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers† This philosophy is usually accompanied by legislation ensuring various degrees of freedom of scientific research (known as scientific freedom), publishing, press and printing the d epth to which these laws are entrenched in a country's legal system can go as far down as its constitution.The concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken and published expression. Freedom of the Press CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEETeodoro, et al on the book Freedom Of Expression And The Media In The Philippines Chapter I: History of Freedom of the Press demonstrated how the commitment to free speech and expression, the right to information and press freedom, with which the leaders of both the 19th century Philippine Reform Movement and the 1896 Revolution were familiar, was continued in the Malolos Constitution of the First Philippine Republic, this was nearly 115 years ago. These provisions did not only survived, but were expanded, in the country's subsequent Constitutions. The freedom of speech and expression, the right to information and press freedom were guaranteed in the Philippine Constitution as follows: The Malolos constitution guaranteed that no Filipino would be deprived of â€Å"the right to freely express his ideas or opinions, orally or in writing, through the use of press and similar means†.The guarantee of the 1987 Constitution in Section 4, Article 3 (Bill of Rig hts) which says that â€Å"No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.† Section 7 also states that â€Å"the right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development shall be afforded to the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law† Another relevant provision is on Section 28, Article 2 which says that â€Å"subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.† In the same article, section 24, the constitution also says that â€Å"the State recognizes the vital role o f communication in nation building.†PRESS FREEDOM (PLUS RIGHT TO INFORMATION) EQUALS TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONClearly, you cannot talk about freedom of the press without mentioning the freedom of speech and expression and the right to  information. In an article on Human Rights Issues in Criminal Justice, it stated that â€Å"the concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken and published expression.† Most have concluded that freedom of the press derives from freedom of speech.According to Chief Justice Warren E. Burger of the United States Supreme Court, conferring special status on the press requires that the courts or the government determine who or what the press is and what activities fall under its special protection. Burger further concluded that the free speech guarantees of the First Amendment (of the US Constitution) adequately ensure freedom of the press, and that t here is no need to distinguish between the two rights, simply â€Å"Because the First Amendment was meant to guarantee freedom to express and communicate ideas, I can see no difference between the right of those who seek to disseminate ideas by way of a newspaper and those who give lectures or speeches and seek to enlarge the audience by publication and wide dissemination.†IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISING FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION, RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND PRESS FREEDOM TO THE FULLEST EXTENTWith relation to guarantees or assurances in the constitution, it is therefore essential that these freedom, the people of the Republic of Philippines enjoy must be exercised to the fullest extent as provided by the Philippine Constitution for the following benefits: 1. Individual’s unlimited access to the ideas of his fellow men in â€Å"a free and open encounter†. John Milton’s (an English civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell) central ar gument was that â€Å"the individual is capable of using reason and distinguishing right from wrong, good from bad†, and that to be able to fully exercise this ration right is that â€Å"he must have unlimited access to the ideas of his fellow men in ‘a free and open encounter’†. It is in Milton’s pamphlet Areopagitica and other writings that the concept of the â€Å"open marketplace of ideas† was developed. This is the idea that when people argue against each other, the good arguments will prevail resulting to good judgment and decisions.2. Well-being of the society and its creation to becoming a good society. According to John Stuart Mill (an English philosopher, political economist  and civil servant) with his 19th century utilitarian viewpoint that â€Å"a good society is one in which the greatest number of persons enjoy the greatest possible amount of happiness†. And that attaining this amount of happiness is â€Å"to apply the general principles of liberty to freedom of expression†. Mill further stated that â€Å"if we silence an opinion, we may silence the truth†.As expressed in his book On Liberty: â€Å"If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and one, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind†. In the words of the Committee to Protect Journalist: â€Å"Without a free press, few human rights are attainable. A strong press freedom environment encourages the growth of a robust civil society, which leads to stable, sustainable democracies and healthy social, political, and economic development.†3. Attainment of information from a diversity of sources, Decision making, and communication to the government. Rather than having the government establish and dictate the truth, freedom of speech enables the truth to emerge from diverse opi nions. Concurring in Whitney v. California (1927), Justice Louis Brandeis wrote that â€Å"freedom to think as you will and to speak as you think are means indispensable to the discovery and spread of political truth.†4. Facilitation of Majority Rule.On a communal level, it is through talking and gathering information that we encourage consensus, that we form a collective will. Whether the answers we reach are wise or foolish, free speech helps us ensure that the answers usually conform to what most people think. As stated by the World Association of Newspapers: â€Å"We have seen repeatedly throughout the world, that censorship and control of information serves the interest of a privileged few; the rule of law is negatively affected, human rights ignored and impunity and corruption unchecked. In contrast, a free, diverse and responsible media promotes transparency and accountability, informs public debate and helps to ensure governments address the concerns and aspirations of all citizens.†5. Improvement of the Means of Participation.On an individual level, speech and gathering information is the vehicle through which individuals debate the issues of the day, cast their votes, and actively join in the processes of decision-making that shape the polity. Free speech serves the individual’s right to join the political fray, to stand up and be counted, to be an active player in the democracy and not just a passive spectator.6. Embrace of the aspect of individualismIn the words of Justice Thurgood Marshall in the 1974 case Procunier v. Martinez, â€Å"The First Amendment serves not only the needs of the polity but also those of the human spirit – a spirit that demands self-expression.† Freedom of speech is the right to defiantly, robustly and irreverently speak one’s mind just because it is one’s mind. Freedom of speech is thus bonded in special and unique ways to the human capacity to think, imagine and create. Con science and consciousness are the sacred precincts of mind and soul.Freedom of speech is intimately linked to freedom of thought, to that central capacity to reason and wonder, hope and believe, that largely defines our humanity. (NOTE: The US First Amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.†)WITH GREAT POWER COMES GREAT RESPONSIBILITYOn a recent article on lincoln.edu about â€Å"Freedom of the Speech and Freedom of Press† it stated that â€Å"the freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is not absolute. Notwithstanding the limitations placed on it, the press exercises enormous power and influence, and is burdened with commensurate responsibility†. Because journalists generally have access to more infor mation than does the average individual, they serve as the eyes, ears, and voice of the public. Some legal scholars even argue that the press is an important force in the democratic system of checks and balances. The job of a free press, the article added; is to â€Å"keep an eye on the government†, to make sure it stays â€Å"honest and responsive† to the people of the country.A  free press also has an important role in government. Sometimes called the â€Å"Fourth Branch of Government† (as well as the President, Congress and the Supreme Court) the press does not simply report events. Teodoro, et al. further stated that the press and media have â€Å"had an increasingly influential impact on public policy, governmental decisions and popular attitudes†. And by all means, I’ll end with: FREEDOM CAN ONLY SURVIVE IN A SOCIETY THAT DEMANDS IT! THOSE WHO STAY SILENT WILL FOREVER BE HAUNTED BY ITS GHOST THAT FADES IN THE LIGHT OF FEAR AND BLIND CONFORM ITY. Freedom of the Press Our most important amendment , The First Amendment allows we the people to voice our opinions, obtain and publish information and opinions without the fear of government retribution. Infringing on freedom of the press is included in America’s greatest amendment. Although freedom of the press allows an endless amount of information abroad, It also allows for the use of propaganda. Freedom of the Press doesn't protect slander.When Freedom of the Press was added, it was to ensure that the government wouldn't censor the people’s opinions in newspapers and to expose schemes and information that some people might want hidden. Framers also wanted to sure Americans could continue to make informed decisions on how their nation is run. Without freedom of the press, the government could have also limited who could be a journalist , as well as be the only organization allowed to make newspapers. The only information that cannot be obtained through the media is information that is o bscene or classified because it could compromise the very future of America. Information that cannot be leaked are things like nuclear secrets.Most nations protects its best national interest by making sure classified information is not spread to those that could take advantage. Most of us use our freedom of the press right and we don't even know. Everytime you go on the internet to look something up. If the internet was made before the first amendment it would probably be censored and regulated by the government more harshly than it already is. The government doesn't care about opinions posted but it mostly removes copyrighted materials and illegal activities. Propaganda ensures the people only get the information the government wants them to have.The government often uses propaganda in harsh times, like times of war to get the people to help support the war effort. Freedom of the press can be abused ensure that everybody thinks in the way the government wants, all forms of informa tion were controlled. Otherwise, the government leaders could be voted against and administration. Before the internet, it was easier for the government to use propaganda but with the internet they would have to go through a lot more censoring. Although freedom of the press  doesn't protect slander, that doesn't mean false information cannot get printed in the newspaper.Peoples reputation could be damaged and once false information is printed in a newspaper, it can't be taken out of the people’s minds. Journalists can just tell half of a story and no one would be able to go against him or speak out In the court case People v. Croswell that happened in 1804, Harry Croswell was convicted for printing a story critiquing President Thomas Jefferson in his newspaper. His defense was that what he printed was the truth. You can't be retributed for acknowledging the truth. If Croswell made false accusations against the president, he would have been sentenced for slander, it is not o k to lie on a persons reputation.Freedom of the press expanded more than framers could have ever imagined, its literal meaning ended up adapting to new forms of media as needed. The Framers never expected that it could end up protecting rights on the internet. Because of the Lovell v. City of Griffin case in 1938 the freedom of the press right has been extended to media including newspapers, books, plays, movies, and video games. On May 16th of 2013 the Senate Judiciary proposed a new bill in the Senate, S.987, euphemistically titled, â€Å"Free Flow of Information Act of 2013.† The bill was an attempt to change who can be considered a journalist by not allowing citizen journalists to voice their opinions in the press. journalists would have had to be hired by the government which would have lowered current protection in the first Amendment.I appreciate the Freedom of the press and i am glad that it has Freedom of the Press, along with the other Freedoms that it protects. Fre edom of the press isnt perfect, as seen in World War II when both sides used propaganda to get their point across, America used posters to influence people to buy war bonds, and get men to want to join the army, while Germany engaged in propaganda Hitler took over the press, he spread lies blaming Jews for all of Germany's problems. Even Though freedom of the press isnt perfect, i still appreciate one of our greatest freedoms, without it we would be living a censored life.

The Lost Boys Horror Genre Essays

The Lost Boys Horror Genre Essays The Lost Boys Horror Genre Paper The Lost Boys Horror Genre Paper The Lost Boys by Joel Schumacher exploits some conventions of the horror genre yet also inverts others. Like in any horror film, they come with the creaking doors, intense music and desire to solve all mysteries including the unexplained and the film, The Lost Boys doesn’t fall short. This vampire filled, popcorn flick includes many of the standard features of the horror genre but also includes inverted and reversed some conventions. To start off, the most obvious aspect of the horror genre that is in this film is vampires as they are a supernatural creature. The Vampires in the film are what you would expect; blood-sucking beasts with their sharp teeth, which sleep upside down, cast no reflection and who are afraid of sunlight. But that’s not all of it. There is an evil leader in the film, who is Max but this isn’t evident until the end of the film because he was seen as an innocent man from Lucy’s eyes which meant she was constantly defending him. Also when he was invited over by Lucy, he made the man of the house, Michael invite him inside which in a way, hide his true identity. Therefore when the Frog brothers conducted a series of tests trying to prove that he was a vampire, they all indicate that he was human. The music in the film is strange, circus like with an evil twist at times. A good example of this is at the start of the film, when the lost boys are at the carnival on a merry-go-around and there is circus music playing which slowly changes into a more sinister sound with a thump in the background because of the change of scene. By fading different types of music, it creates a more suspenseful mood. Throughout the film, there is also non-diegetic and discordant music which forms dramatic effects throughout the film. As well as following some of the usual characteristics of a horror film, Schumacher inverts and reverses some conventions. The most inverted convention that stands out, is how The Lost Boys explores notions of family that include the single parent family being Lucy, the boys and the family of vampires lead by father figure Max. At all times Max appears to have his â€Å"families† interests at heart which is a paradox is some ways because we perceive vampires to be evil and not kindly. This shows the reversal of the convention and the notions of vampires. Max also hoped to have a â€Å"fairytale† ending with the blending of his family and Lucy’s but it didn’t work out as he envisaged and this is parodied at the end of The Lost Boys. The main reversal in the film is the character of Grandpa. What everyone would perceive to be as a normal Grandpa is fairly the opposite of the character in this film. He’s a joker who drinks root beer and lives in a creepy house with dead stuffed animals. An example of Grandpa playing jokes is when Lucy and the boys arrive at his house and he is lying on the porch pretending to be dead. This creates anticlimax which would mainly fall into the standard conventions of a horror film. Another example is at the end of the film when all the vampires are killed and Grandpa goes to the fridge to get a drink and says Something I never could stomach about Santa Carla, all the damn vampires! which indicates that he knew about the vampires all along. Overall, Grandpa is an unusual character that adds plenty of humour to the film. In this Teen vampire flick, it isnt exactly the scariest horror movie ever made. In fact, the ridiculously over-sized 80s hairstyles on show are probably more frightening than the teeth. Come to think of it, its not exactly the funniest comedy youre ever likely to come across either. But theres just something about its 50-50 mix of the two genres of horror and comedy that just works out fantastically well. By inverting and reversing the usual conventions of the horror genre, it made this film one of a kind and a classic.

Augustus Caesar and his rise to power essays

Augustus Caesar and his rise to power essays Augustus Caesars rise to power and transformation of the Roman Republic into the great Empire was able to happen because of his great ability to gain support from his military soldiers, the senate, and the people. His relationship with each varied, but ultimately lead to him becoming known as the creator of the Roman Empire. Through the gaining of well timed support from the senate, and retaining popularity with his army and the people he was able to gain the political power needed in order to give Rome the opportunity of changing into the Empire it came to be. Augustuss mass approval from the senate was the main reason how he gained enough power to take Rome to the next level and fully solidify it as a world power and one of the greatest Empires in world history. Augustuss speeches to the senate, was one of the ways in which he gained the respect as a leader. Having attained my highest hopes, members of the senate, what more have I to ask of the immortal gods that I may retain the same unanimous approval of yours to the very end of my life (page 53, DWP). He was also quite modest in receiving titles and accolades from the senate and by the people. By refusing titles early in his political career, he was perceived to be honest and his intentions to be in the best interest of the Republic and not his own power. However when he did accept the titles given to him and once he saw his power growing, this is when Augustus began to change Rome from the Republic it had been, and into the Empire it is most notably remembered for. The senate remain ed intact and still acted as it did during the past, but unless it gained the approval of Caesar, actions by the senate did not take place. And if someone was elected but was not seen fit to hold the position in the eyes of Caesar than that person would not hold office....yet he took care that no persons should hold office who were unfit or elected as the r...

Narrative Essay on a Life Changing Moment

Narrative Essay on a Life Changing Moment Narrative Essay on a Life Changing Moment In life, many events influence the way one acts or the decisions one makes. Basically, one goes through certain events in life that have such a big impact they totally change the life of an individual. For me, the life-changing event happened when I enrolled in college a few years ago. Since that occurred, January has always been a special month for me because this is the month that makes me remember the event and remember how this event totally changed my life and made me look at my life from a totally different perspective. As I was joining my freshman year, I naturally took note of the new-found freedom. I wanted to use this freedom to experience some of the things that I had been curious about but could not engage in because I did not feel free enough. What I did not know is that the whole experience of joining college and getting orientated to college life would totally change my life. For starters, while joining college, for the first time, I referred to another place other than the place where my parents had raised me. For others in my dormitory, the process of integrating into dormitory life and feeling at home in their rooms appeared to come naturally but it was not that easy for me. The whole process was highly emotional for me, because I had the feeling that being so comfortable in the room would be like betraying my parents who have always taught me that our home is the most important place to cherish. The feeling that my parents were not a stone’s throw away, as is the case in my room at home, also made me feel anxious, as I began to feel the strain of being so far away from my parents. Overall, however, the process taught me an important lesson in the importance of moving away and establishing my own life separate from my parents. The other issue about joining my first year that is part of the whole life-changing event is the part where I had to make new friends; especially now that I was in a college here, I did not know anyone. Making friends at home had always been an easy task, given that our home is located in a gated community and my parents often visited the neighbors. As they did so, they would introduce me to the neighbors’ children and therefore provide a very good platform for me to make friends. To make things even better, most of the neighboring children went to the school where I was enrolled and as such, when I joined school, I had some sort of a soft landing with regard to making friends. In college, however, I had to make friends from scratch and it was a really humbling and insightful moment. Some tips on writing a narrative essay on a life changing moment: Remember that in this type of essay you should remember that while reading your essay, the audience should be able to paint a vivid picture in their minds. In addition to that, if you are narrating about an event at some point of your life, make sure you are not describing your everyday routine. Get readers attention by choosing an even, where you can build up a climax. can write an essay for you from scratch! Feel free to place an order at our website and get a custom written narrative essay online.

International Human Rights and Social Justice Essay

International Human Rights and Social Justice - Essay Example Ernest Davies, a delegate of the UN stated It should not be forgotten ... that the war by its total disregard of the most fundamental rights was responsible for the declaration (Morsink, 2011). The war served as the precedent for these human rights when nations came together to prevent further war and destruction. Human rights thus became universal at a crucial time in history. While 48 nations accepted the Declaration during its initial phase, these rights were not mandatory on any nation. Rather they were voluntary and paved the way for acceptance in law in many other including Canada where UDHR is part of the legal framework of the country. While many have argued whether these rights are actually universal but they were declared universal because they reflected on the views of the strong Western Nations that came to dominate the world after the Second World War. Even non-western nations consider these rights to be universal since they represent the ideals that these nations strive for. The basis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created by Eleanor Roosevelt and Winston Churchill as they represented two of the strongest Western nations- the United States and United Kingdom. The first draft for UDHR was created by John Peters Humphrey which was rewritten by Rene Cassin after minor changes was made. The Declaration was unanimously accepted by all 48 nations who were present during the vote of its acceptance. However, there were eight absenteeism in the form of Saudi Arabia, Soviet Union, Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR. Poland, Czechoslovakia, South Africa, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. The structure of the declaration was inspired by Code Napoleon which consisted of a preamble and general articles. The Declaration starts with a Preamble with seven paragraphs. This preamble lays down the reasons for the introduction of the declaration; thus serving as the foundation for the general

Evaluation of transferable skills gained during its completion Assignment

Evaluation of transferable skills gained during its completion - Assignment Example This is termed as view of quality. In the gap based view of quality, the quality can be achieved by overcoming the customer perceptions. In case of certain products, the quality is related to certain pre-defined standard level. Conformance to a standard or specification is treated as quality. The customer perceptions are mainly related to the pre-defined quality standards. By minimising the errors on product and service, the quality standards can be achieved, â€Å"From a production/operations point of view, customer satisfaction is about monitoring the quality of delivery of the product and service, the aim being to minimise production errors so saving money and making customers happy.† (Customer satisfaction 2009). Quality and customer satisfaction are closely related. In order to ensure customer satisfaction, quality is an essential factor. In order to measure the customer satisfaction, the examination of the complaints from the customers is an adoptable way. Customer satisfaction is a multidimensional concept. Customer satisfaction and service quality are closely related even though they are independent factors. Thus an increase in the quality level should increase the degree of customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is the mostly adopted tool for business growth and it is greatly related to factors such as quality and production measurement. The changes in the operational performance and product quality are mainly aimed at improving the degree of customer satisfaction towards them. Customers are the driving force in any business. To enhance the customer satisfaction continuous improvement in the quality level is required for the business. Process service and work environment are subjected to the quality concept. For balancing the needs of customers quality is an essential element. While producing high quality products and services, customer

Case Analysis of Staples, Inc., Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Staples, Inc., - Case Study Example Furthermore, this paper will comprise framing strategy that may help the firm to deal with all the factors in order to achieve its goal efficiently and smoothly (Fred, 2009). Analysis External Factor Evaluation (EFE): EFI is considered to be the strategic administration tool often used by all organization to assess current business condition of the firm. It is considered to be an important process as the end result helps the firm to visualize the threat and select all the opportunities that tends to arise. In accordance to case the EFI of Staple Inc. is stated below: Figure: 1 External Factor Evaluation (EFE) of Staple Inc. On the basis of the above mentioned figure, it can be stated that the factor of low currency value offers an opportunity for the company as the export policies of the government would be modified or directed to increase the foreign currency in the country. Such initiatives of the government would provide the organization with an opportunity to expand its business. The company’s strategy of diversifying its business and creating new products has also offered it with an opportunity to expand its product and service line and effectively meet the needs of discriminating customers. Moreover, the crisis in the economic condition would help the organization in terms of brand awareness as foreign company would be reluctant to invest in such economic condition. Consequently, the organization will be able to attract large base of customers. The factor of the firm size can also be considered as a positive factor as it helps in creating brand awareness as well as it will act as a barrier for new entry of firm (Meredith, Forest & Fred, 2009; Fred, 2009). On the other hand, the increasing competition due to the entry of new firms in the industry has imposed significant threat. The firm is further unable to penetrate into the local market as it is primarily focus on meeting the public needs. Moreover, frequent change in the government policies has s trongly deterred the ability of the organization to expand its business. Another important threat factor includes constant innovation in technology. The rapid advancement in technology has resulted in rapid obsolescence which has further contributed towards increased costs for the organization (Meredith, Forest & Fred, 2009; Fred, 2009). Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE): IFE consists of all the factors that relates directly or indirectly to the organizations functioning. The main motive behind evaluating the internal factor of an organization is to major weakness and the strength that exist in the operating area of a business. The IFE of Staple Inc. is represented below. Figure: 2 Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) of Staple Inc. On the basis of the above illustration, i.e. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), it can be asserted that the factor of being one of largest distributor of office goods acts as an opportunity for the firm. Moreover, its stable financial position has also contrib uted towards smooth functioning of its business operations. Additionally, the marketing and advertisement activities executed by the firm have significantly benefited it to attain increased brand awareness and has further facilitated in seeking greater competitiveness. At the same time, large number of retail stores situated at different locations

Rhetorical Analysis of an Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Rhetorical Analysis of an Argument - Essay Example n and Yaron Brook) argue that human rights and interests are beyond animal rights, but this argument is totally invalid because human beings and animals have equal right to lead peaceful lives. First of all, the authors label the animal rights activists as terrorists and this proves their bias against activism based upon equality and compassion towards other living things. Alex Epstein and Yaron Brook state that, â€Å"It is common to write off terrorist activity and the vicious statements of animal rights leaders as â€Å"extremist†, while maintaining that majority of people in the animal rights movement have benevolent intentions† (n.pag.). Within this context, the authors depend upon Rational Appeals by pointing out the importance of scientific experimentation as tool for survival. To be specific, the authors attract the readers’ attention towards deadly diseases and declare that the activists are not allowing conducting experiments. Besides, the authors make use of Emotional Appeals to influence the readers. For instance, the authors point out the violence and bloodshed created by the activists, but conceals the grass-root level reasons behind the same. The authors proclaim that, â€Å"Ominously, the crimes against Huntingdon are not isolated incidents; animal rights terrorists commit more than 1,000 crimes annually† (n.pag.). Besides, the authors quote scientific journals to prove their argument. This can be considered as the visible example of manipulation, i.e. the misuse of available information to back-up one’s invalid argument. Similarly, the authors depend upon Ethical Appeals to influence the readers. For instance, the authors serve at The Ayn Rand Institute, and this esteemed status as experts within the field of reasoning is cunningly utilized to influence the readers in general. So, one can see that the authors try to create public opinion against animal rights activism and ignores the business interest behind the tests conducted by Huntingdon

Development and management of a visitor attraction Assignment

Development and management of a visitor attraction - Assignment Example This attraction site is popular and it accommodates more than fourteen million tourists per year. This is a place, which is appealing to visitors of different walks of life. The place usually has the cultural value and the dà ©cor and ambience admired by the visitors. The visitor attraction attraction site is also abundant of historical significance. In this regard, the place is expected to have extinct animals like the white elephants and other cultural artifacts. The definition of this term is usually difficult because it encompasses many attraction geographical aspects. It is also known as a tourist attraction sites. The term accommodates all categories of people ranging from the most affluent in society to the poorest in society (Todd, 2008). The tourist attraction is usually refers to a place where local and foreign tourists visit to see wild animals and other cultural artifacts belonging to different communities. The attraction site can be a museum. Tradition sisters also possess man-made beauty items. England has had a big sector for tourism for a long time. However, the economic downturn of 2008 affected the sector. The sector is boost by many visitors from the Western countries especially the US. The revenue collected from the tourists was estimate at $5.9 billion in the year 2010 .This indicates that the national budget of the country is funded by the tourism sector. Dickenson and Houston (2008) conjecture that there was a record high of 5.4 million tourists from the international community in the year 2011.The major attraction site for the visitors in US include the Lakes beach, the . In addition, the rainforests, the Pantanal and the sand dunes contribute to the many features, which attract many visitors into the country across the globe. The number of international tourists in England started increasing between the year 2000 and 2005. There was a steady growth in the number of

Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Narrative - Essay Example In June 13, 1775, Leaders of the Colonial forces had collected intelligence that the British troops were planning to march Boston and occupy the surrounding hills. Consequently, 1,200 colonial troops under the control of William Prescott engaged Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill and they formed fortifications for a sudden and unexpected attack. From the beginning, American troops had marked remarkable victory against British Army and the British troops lost â€Å"over a third of the attacking forces, with a high number of commissioned officers, which was shocking news† (Maps of world.com). After the initial crisis, British Army powerfully returned to the battlefield and they captured the Hill and its surroundings completely. Absence of modern weapons and organized war strategies paved the way for unexpected turn in the battle. Death of Major John Pitcairn had pressed the revolutionary forces to withdraw from battlefield. In addition, Colonists failed to overcome the presence of ammu nition. Accompanied with modern weapons bayonet-equipped instruments British Army detained the upper hand. More than 115 American revolutionists were killed, 305 wounded and 30 captured. In case of Britain, 226 were killed and more than 800 wounded in the battle. Historians have identified number of reasons behind the battle related with politics, administration, problem of representation and taxation. The Stamp Act of 1765 imposed unnecessary taxes among the colonists and they were forced to pay taxes for necessary things. Mary Englar observes that ‘Many Colonists claimed Great Britain didn’t have the right to tax them’ (Englar 8). Similarly, Colonists had faced severe identity crisis and they did not get representation in administration. Another important reason is that Britain established some provoking military reforms in Boston and its surrounding areas and these military

Development and management of a visitor attraction Assignment

Development and management of a visitor attraction - Assignment Example This attraction site is popular and it accommodates more than fourteen million tourists per year. This is a place, which is appealing to visitors of different walks of life. The place usually has the cultural value and the dà ©cor and ambience admired by the visitors. The visitor attraction attraction site is also abundant of historical significance. In this regard, the place is expected to have extinct animals like the white elephants and other cultural artifacts. The definition of this term is usually difficult because it encompasses many attraction geographical aspects. It is also known as a tourist attraction sites. The term accommodates all categories of people ranging from the most affluent in society to the poorest in society (Todd, 2008). The tourist attraction is usually refers to a place where local and foreign tourists visit to see wild animals and other cultural artifacts belonging to different communities. The attraction site can be a museum. Tradition sisters also possess man-made beauty items. England has had a big sector for tourism for a long time. However, the economic downturn of 2008 affected the sector. The sector is boost by many visitors from the Western countries especially the US. The revenue collected from the tourists was estimate at $5.9 billion in the year 2010 .This indicates that the national budget of the country is funded by the tourism sector. Dickenson and Houston (2008) conjecture that there was a record high of 5.4 million tourists from the international community in the year 2011.The major attraction site for the visitors in US include the Lakes beach, the . In addition, the rainforests, the Pantanal and the sand dunes contribute to the many features, which attract many visitors into the country across the globe. The number of international tourists in England started increasing between the year 2000 and 2005. There was a steady growth in the number of

Success In Writing Essay Example for Free

Success In Writing Essay Everyday more and more people try to make a profession in being a successful writer. In this passage, aspiring writer Melusina Fay Peirce writes to novelist Marian Evans Lewes asking if beginning writing at thirty is too old. Evans is moved by this letter and responds mentioning thirty is not too old. In the letter, she comments that even an accomplished writer such as herself is rarely satisfied with hours of work. It is impossible to be an accomplished writer without having years of wisdom behind you. Throughout the passage, she utilizes various persuasive techniques such as refutation and analogies in order to depict novice work as tasteless. In Lewes response to Peirce, she incorporates many rhetorical strategies in order to convey that writers must prepare to be unsatisfied and must not be concerned about flattery because success in writing comes only with maturity. In the beginning of the letter, Evans uses a plethora of rhetorical strategies which suggest that in order to be a writer one must be ready to be unsatisfied. Evans declares her consciousness is not of the triumphant kind. Beginning her letter with a refutation immediately conveys that being a writer is a difficult life. Although one may put hours of hard work into a novel, satisfaction is not always achieved. She then states that Exultation is a dream before achievement and rarely comes after. Evans suggests that she often fancies admiration before her work is finished only to encounter a deficiency of praise after. While Lewes may be a praised writer, she shocks Peirce when saying she is rarely commended for her work; writers dreams are seldom met. When encountering the lack of the praise writers such as Evans tend to feel like a poor husk. Evans uses this word to convey the emptiness in which she feels after writing. One always feels like it is possible to create better work but doesnt know where to look. She then continues on and inquire to Peirce Does these seem melancholy?. This rhetorical question implies that these feelings of incompleteness and emptiness are far less melancholy than self-flattery. This connects to the refutation at the beginning of the paragraph stating that writers seldom feel triumphant. Using the various strategies, Evans conveys that to be a writer one must not be concerned about flattery and must be prepared to be unfulfilled. In the next paragraph, Evans refutes Peirces main concern of being too old to start writing by giving support to the idea that success come with maturity. Lewes responds by mentioning not to fancy yourself old because you are thirty, or to regret you have not written anything. This refutation replies to Peirces concern that she is too old and tells Peirce not to worry. She then states that it does not even matter if one hasnt written anything prior to being an established writer. Lewes then mentions that the writing of a young writer is no better than trashy, unripe fruit. The underdeveloped fruit mirrors the underdeveloped minds and writing of the young writers. He then states that there is nothing worse than a writer who has exhausted himself. One cannot burn out writing all of their material while young. A successful writer needs to be patient, as triumph in literature comes with experience in everyday life. Towards the end of the letter, Evans reflects that when she was young she began a sort of writing which had no great glory belonging to it, but which she felt certain she could do faithfully and well. This anecdote also works as an emotional appeal as it sympathizes with Peircr, implying mutual feelings both writers felt while young. Evans suggests that mature and older writers are more patient in their writing, consequently producing better works. Evans is very persuasive in her position which states achievements in writings will come along with maturity. In Lewess letter to Peirce, she includes numerous persuasive techniques in order to convey that writers must prepare to be unsatisfied and must not be concerned about flattery because success in writing only comes with maturity. Evanss main point is that one is never too old to begin writing. An aspiring writer shouldnt hold back on account that they havent produced descent works in the past. Wisdom, compassion and insight all come with years of aging and are needed to produce successful writing.

Environmental Analysis of Malaysia Airlines

Environmental Analysis of Malaysia Airlines The general environment represents the outer layer of the environment which are international, technological, sociocultural, economic, and the legal-political. The task environment includes all sectors that have a direct working relationship with the organization, customers, competitors, suppliers, and labour. International element is represents the events originating in foreign countries. Technological element includes scientific and technological advancements in a specific industry and society. Sociocultural element represents the demographic characteristics such as norms, customs, and values of the general populations. Economic element is divided into and socialist. Capitalist means the organization will get the entire profit where else socialist means the production own by state or government. The legal political are about the government law and regulations as well as political activities designed to influence company behaviour. Customers are the people who acquire goods and service from the organization. Competitors and client are the other organization from the same industry that provides goods or services to the same set of customers. Supplier is the people who provide raw materials for the organization to provide output. Labour supply is the people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organization and can influence the organization labour markets. Government Agencies are the agency that provide services and monitor compliance through laws and regulations. As mention in the company profile at Hoovers website, Malaysia Airlines serves about 80 destinations on six continents, some via code-sharing, from its hub in Kuala Lumpur. According to an interview (En-Lai Yeoh, Associated Press Writer 2006), Idris Jala quoted that although MAS have many international competitors, the top competitors are among the regional rivals Singapore Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Thai Airways and Gulf Air. Low cost flight was also launch in Malaysia, few years back and named Air Asia. It became MAS local competitor. At first MAS was not really affected as this low cost flight named, Air Asia, only control the local state destination with a very cheap price. Slowly, Air Asia attract customer to fly using its flight. After sometimes, Air Asia launched its destination to outside Malaysia. MAS were affected not only by Air Asia but also other country low cost flight. MAS will face many difficulties if they were to beat the low cost flights pricing range. Malaysian professional and skillful increased and they tend to travel quite frequent which they will seek for the great service with time efficiency offered, especially the successful businessman. In order for MAS to respond to the customer needs, they have send spies to their rival. This is one of the way that MAS can improve their weakness and at the same time to learn their rivals weakness part. By receiving quite a number of awards, many customers were attracted. Idris Jala quoted that the trade secret is MAS must establish the lowest fare, which all international routes will have designated seats matching their competitions lowest fare. Currently MAS has also introduced their low cost flight called Fire Fly. Ticketing system were upgraded that able to monitor ticket prices to match the lowest offered by its competition on similar routes and possibly review its fuel surcharge, Idris Jala added (En-Lai Yeoh, Associated Press Writer 2006). Malaysia Airlines has provided a very friendly website for its own respective customer which is providing the full controlling of the ticket booking system with all the details such as number of passengers, destination and so on to the very specific details. Malaysia Airlines has some such as partners with Malaysia-based Maxis Communications Berhad and UK-based AeroMobile Limited to offer in-flight mobile services such as voice calls, SMS, emails services to Maxis post-paid customers. The rest of the facilities and services are the same as the other airlines like for in cabin services like providing the international meals as well as local food for Malaysians or Entertainment systems for watching Movie or playing games and also checking the status of the flight. The airline provided the customers insurance during the flight hours in case if anything happened to the customers they will be responsible for it . And passengers can only carrying 30 KG for their luggage. Malaysia airline has been provided such a facility that if the customers accidently miss the flight they can just simple take the next possible flight. But sometimes customers need to pay some amounts to join the next flight and its all depends on the type of tickets that they purchased. Sometimes for Malaysia Airlines ticket discounts will be. those few months before your travel tickets are purchased. And discounts for students that is considered. such as GRADS the frequent flyer card for students. This card has local and international students. That students can use this card costs less to have their flights. In the recent years, Malaysian Airlines (MAS) has been continuously improving their services with accordance to the rise in social network as well as smartphone users. New applications such as MHmobile, MHdeals, and MHbuddy complement each other to draw better publicity along with a good flow of business. A user-friendlier navigation following the websites makeover has served no less. Existing yet innovative technology such as the Select in-flight entertainment system has also given MAS an extra edge over their competitors. REFERENCES 1. Malaysian Airlines (2011) Malaysia Airlines Launches Going Places iPad App Investor Relations: News. http://malaysiaairlines.listedcompany.com/newsroom.html [Accessed 23 February 2011] 2. Malaysian Airlines (2011) Refreshed Mas Website To Enhance Customer Experience Investor Relations: News. http://malaysiaairlines.listedcompany.com/newsroom.html [Accessed 23 February 2011] 3. SITA (2011) Malaysia Airlines adopts SITA reservations system as turnaround enters new phase SITA: Specialists in air transport communications and IT solutions. http://www.sita.aero/news-events/press-room/press-releases [Accessed 23 February 2011] 4. Luxury Travel Source (2011) Malaysian Airline Airfares from Luxury Travel Source Luxury Travel Source: Discount Travel Company offering Business Class Airfare tickets for Destinations worldwide. http://www.luxurytravelsource.com/airlines/malaysia_airlines.html [Accessed 24 March 2011] 5. Malaysian Airline System Berhad (10601-W) (2009). 2009 Annual Report: Investing in Growth. Subang Jaya, KL: Malaysia Airlines System. 6.

Essay --

Keanu Jefferson Mrs. Smith English 10-Period 4th 10 February 2014 â€Å"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment† And The Affects It Has Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July fourth, eighteen o four in Salem, Massachusetts, to a family that had been prominent in the area for a long period of time. â€Å"Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment† was written in 1837 by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne was not always interested in education, but he went to Bowdoin College in 1821. He would be the only person in his family to ever to go to college. He was prepared by Dr. Benjamin Lynde Oliver for college and the college experience. He really did not care about school or interested in any type of particular type of profession, but still went to collage anyway. He studied most of the classics some including mathematics, philosophy, composition, and natural science. During his college years he met many people, including future president Franklin Pierce. Hawthorne's use of obsession, desire, and experience was established in the theme in the short story â€Å"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment†. In the early and mid ei ghteen thirty's everybody was taking about the fountain of youth and the affects to make you younger it has. The theme to this story was based on this fact. When Hawthorne was writing â€Å"Dr.. Heidegger's Experiment† he must have been thinking about the fountain of youth, desire, experience, and the obsession of life so it influenced this story to be the way he wrote it.. People often say â€Å"If I had my life to live over again. I would not be where I am at right now. I would use my experience that I have gotten to really better my life.† this story can make people think about having another shot and if they did have another shot at life how they would do everything d... ...esire something so bad that you will put effort into papers and try to pass test so you can get these things. If you desire these things then you would not mind putting a little effort into it. Nathaniel Hawthorne died on May nineteen,eighteen sixty four,. Hawthorne was a very active man and was very healthy. Hawthorne health started to fail him. He would not go see in doctors or anything to find out what was wrong with him. There is no details on the way he died . His death up to this day is still a mystery and no records to this day exist to find out the way he died. Some people say he died of cardiac arrest ,but there is no proof to this day about what happened to him. He went to New Hampshire hills a place that he loved to go to hoping to regain his health. He went there went his old friend Franklin Pierce. Nathaniel Hawthorne died on the second day of the trip.

Descriminationn Against Irish-American Immigrants and Native Americans

Descriminationn Against Irish-American Immigrants and Native Americans Racism is a problem with roots reaching as far back as biblical times, and it is questionable as to whether or not racial discrimination will ever vanish. Many different groups of people have been subject to racism over time. Two historical examples of people who were discriminated against because of their nationality are Native Americans and Irish-American immigrants. Although the situations they faced are not quite identical, they have an abundance of similarities. The Native Americans and the Irish citizens who immigrated to the United States suffered a similar plight in the sense that both peoples were persecuted for their cultural differences as well as exiled from their own homelands. Before all others, varying tribes of Native Americans inhabited North America. The eleventh-century Norse seaman Leif Eriksson glimpsed very small portions of the continent, yet his discoveries never became public knowledge.(Brinkley, 8) It was not until Christopher Columbus’s â€Å"discovery† of North America that Europeans began to develop an interest in the so-called New World. British, French, and Spanish colonies sprouted up along the eastern coast of America soon after Columbus’s expedition. Once the colonies declared their independence from Great Britain and formed the United States of America in 1776, the westward expansion of the white settlers inflated tremendously. This intrusion upon the lands of the Native Americans produced many conflicts between the two groups. The Americans began to repeatedly intrude upon Native American property, and force the Indians off of their rightfully owned land. One person who is often associated with the poor treat... ...persecuted horribly and viewed as inferior, and as belonging to a lower level in the social order. The Irish’s subservience was influenced mainly by ideological apparatuses, while the Indians were restrained mostly by repressive forces, such as military action. Yet, both methods were effective in lowering the people in the social rankings, so that they were frequently overlooked and wronged morally and legally. While we can not take back what has happened, we can use what has happened in the past to try to prevent such injustices in the future. The first step in the solution to racism is understanding one another. Bibliography: Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People, 3rd ed. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2000. Takaki, Ronald. A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America, Boston, MA: Bay Back Books, 1993.

Thistles by Ted Hughes. Question: Critically analyse the poem

Question: Critically analyse the poem, paying attention to diction & imagery, showing how they are effective in describing thistles. P : Thistles are described as if they were nature's avengers. Q : Thistles ‘spike' ‘Against the rubber tongues of cows and the hoeing hands of man & ‘†¦a revengeful burs of resurrection' R : Thistles inflict pain towards ‘the hoeing hands of men' which gives readers the spa image of men destroying the plants in the soil  with a hoe, perhaps for the unnecessary need for urbanization and other recreational purposes. It seems that the thistles are punishing man for destroying nature. Even though the ‘cows' mentioned somewhat destroy plants, or to be specific, grass for it is their staple food, they seem to not be a part of the ones punished for their rubber tongues' gives the image of a lifeless tongue where it does not feel pain, having the qualities of rubber- lifeless and feeling nothing. Hence, the thistles are described as avengers for those who abuse and destroy nature for unnecessary wants. It seems as if avenging is the purpose of the thistles' existence and for their resurrection- the phrase ‘a revengeful burst of resurrection seems to give the image of revenge, powering the process of resurrecting the thistles. Hence, the suggested reason for their existence and their behavior in punishing men describes them as if they are nature's â€Å"avengers†. P : Despite being described as â€Å"nature's avengers†, they seem to have an evil side that is abeing brought alive by what could be perceived as the evil present in the world as represented by – â€Å"underground stain of a Viking†. Q : â€Å"From the underground stain of a decayed Viking†, † the gutturals of dialects† & space every one manages a plume of blood†. R : Readers get the impression that thistles are being brought to life ‘From the spaceunderground stain of a decayed Viking'. Now, a Viking is a monstrous, wild and spaceevil legendary barbarian and the fact that its remnants are absorbed in the growth of spacethistles could suggest that evil is being transferred to them as seen from their evil spaceacts or purpose in trying to hurt innocent animals (‘cows'), men and even plague the space'summer air'. Also, it seems as though the spirits of the dead Vikings are spacewhispering to the growing thistles with ‘the gutturals of dialects' perhaps to impart spacetheir evil nature and character. It is seen that after being grown amongst the space spac ‘decayed Viking' and taking its essence (like fertilizer from a dead animal) and after spacebeing imparted of the Viking's evil nature, the next line that comes shows that evil spaceis being put into action where Every one manages a plume of blood'. R : Furthermore, it seems as though thistles began and end with the presence of blood- spac'From the underground stain of a decayed Viking' they grow and before growing spac'grey like men', ‘Everyone manages a plume of blood'. Hence, this parasite-like spacebehavior gives thistles an evil character for it thrives and is brought alive with blood spaceand that it's suggested sole purpose in life is to hurt those alive (to get ‘a plume of spaceblood') for that is the only thing that they seem to do in the poem before dying. In spaceaddition to that, ‘blood' or rather, bleeding is associated with being caused by pain spaceand those who thrive on it is said to be somewhat inhumane and evil, like thistles. P : Thistles have the characteristics of a Viking, perhaps because they absorb the spaceremnants and essence of Vikings. Q : ‘Of splintered weapons and Icelandic frost thrust up', ‘They are like pale hair and spacethe gutturals of dialects' & ‘Every one manages a plume of blood'. R : The metaphor ‘splintered weapons' and ‘Icelandic frost' gives the idea of spacethistledowns that outline thistles. These thistledowns could be sharp, being like space'splintered weapons' and could be the part that spike ‘the rubber tongues of cows spaceand hoeing hands of men'. One can imagine the image of the thistledowns getting spacestiff and ready to spike (‘Icelandic frost thrust up'). These thistledowns have spacesimilarities to that of a Viking's ‘pale hair' and ‘the gutturals of dialects' are like spacethe whizzing sound thistles make as they disperse through the air, trying to find spacevictims or their prey to spike them for blood. Hence, it seems that the evil nature spaceand the physical appearance of Vikings are being passed down to thistles perhaps as spacethey absorb the essence of dead Vikings which is represented by the word ‘stain' spacethat could of blood. Afterall, it is believed that one would posses the characteristics spaceof whose essence they have absorbed into themselves. In addition to the mentioned spacecharacteristics passed down, the predatory nature of Vikings is similar to that of spacethistles for both is bloodthirsty, ‘a plume of blood' being the goal in life. P : Thistles are also endlessly revengeful Q : ‘Every one a revengeful burst / Of resurrection' & ‘Their sons appear / Stiff with spaceweapons, fighting back over the same ground'. R : Thistles, in this poem is described in an almost chronological form where the spores spaceor seeds are being dispersed (‘crackle open under a blue black pressure') on to the space'underground' where the ‘stain of a decayed Viking' acts as a source of fertilizer spacethat completes thistles' growth before the thistles spike the air again and manages a spaceplume of blood' each. Then they ‘grow grey like men' and die as suggested by the spacewords ‘mown down', perhaps by man in the process of mowing their green lawns in spacethe summer. However, notice that after this batch of thistles are dead, ‘Their sons spaceappear / Stiff with weapons, fighting back over the same ground'. The word ‘sons' spaceand ‘feud' make the situation seem as if it is a battle (for battles are usually fought spaceby men). ‘Fighting back over the same ground' shows the characteristic of thistles spacebeing endlessly revengeful for the thistles are being â€Å"born† over and over again. spaceFurthermore, the fact that the â€Å"battle† is staged in the summer' that occurs in the spaceearlier half part of the year symbolizes the fact that thistles' time would not be up spaceany time soon and that they would continue â€Å"fighting†. The ‘blue-black pressure' spacethat causes the dispersal of the spores or seeds may also symbolize the immense-spacepressure the thistles have on their offspring, perhaps in their expectancy of the spaceoffspring fighting after their time. It may be ambiguous, carrying the fact that after space'Thistles spike the summer air' and get â€Å"injured† by being â€Å"mown down† by men spaceor being chewed by ‘cows' (I do not suppose cows swallow such spiky plants. They spaceperhaps spit them out. Furthermore, thistles are mentioned to only pass through spacecows' mouths and to the ‘rubber tongues' which could imply that thistles are not spacebeing swallowed) they painfully, in their injured condition as suggested by the word space'blue-black', as if having wounds, they ‘crackle open' themselves to disperse the spaceseeds or spores. Hence, even though the process of breeding another generation of space†army troops† is painful, the thistles carry on. This shows their endless revenge for spacethey do not stop at anything to fight. P : Thistles are also described as annoying pests, a nuisance to the living and the dead. Q : ‘Against the rubber tongues of cows and the hoeing hands of men', ‘ Thistles spike spacethe summer air', ‘From the underground stain of a decayed Viking' & ‘Their sons spaceappear†¦fighting back over the same ground'. R : Thistles are portrayed as bothersome. Firstly because they plague the happy and spacecheerful atmosphere of the ‘summer air'. The line ‘Thistles spike the summer air' spacegives this impression. The ambiguous word ‘spike' could mean that they simply spacespike the air with their sharp body. On the other hand, it could mean that they spaceplague the air and sort of poison the cheerful summer air with pain that is delivered spaceas they ‘manage a plume of blood'. Thistles bother animals even when they are spaceeating (cows) as suggested by the line ‘Against the rubber tongues of cows' and spacethistles disrupts men's work by poking them as they work as suggested by the line space ‘Against†¦the hoeing hands of men'. It is not only those alive that are being spacebothered. Ancient ‘decayed Viking' in the ‘underground' are also being fed on, as spacesuggested by the word ‘stain' which gives us the impression of a bloodstain, in the spaceline ‘From the underground stain of a decayed Viking'. It is almost a parasite-like spacebehavior for the thistles seem to be taking blood from animals, man and even spacecompose, which makes them a nuisance for they rob away peace- imagine thistles spacespiking you every moment when you are trying to enjoy the ‘summer air'. In spaceaddition to that, the fact that thistles are being produced after their â€Å"forefathers† spacehave served their purpose (in obtaining ‘a plume of blood' each) let us see thistles spacein the light where they appear to be irksome in the sense that they do not stop spacebothering and disturbing.